Gayo Highlands as the largest supplier of arabica coffee in Asia currently has a variety of ways residents Gayo coffee. Initially, residents prefer Gayo coffee Robusta coffee drinks as raw material. This is based on a sense that is considered more suitable for tongue population.

Gayo coffee coffee plantations plucked from the central highlands, Aceh province, at an altitude of 1250-1550 m above sea level. Society Gayo coffee classic call by the term "Que". 

Gayo coffee is superior in aroma and flavor. Arabica coffee species is grown organically without the use of fertilizers and seeds are known as green because it is environmentally friendly. Coffee is empowered by the people of Aceh in three areas namely: Central Aceh, Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues, with a total plantation area of ​​94,500 hectares. 

Gayo coffee bean shape is flat with the center line located in the middle. The weakness of coffee is susceptible to frost (emun), pests and diseases, so the beans (coffee beans) is more difficult to be protected until the time of harvest. In addition, the seeds were mature at different times, so it must be selected at any given time. Gayo coffee itself contains caffeine caffeine lower the number by 0.8 to 1.4 percent. 

ways of making 

Gayo coffee development process begins with the first flowers are white berwarwa and then produce "cherry" red ripe containing two seeds (logs). Red fruit with two seeds are then plucked. This process is commonly called "quote Kupi". Once the fruit is picked and then processed into grain milling process. The grain must be fermented overnight. Then the grain is washed thoroughly and dried in the sun to dry in the sun above. 

After the grain was peeled using grains exfoliants engine. Once peeled, the seeds are called "oros" is sun dried. The duration of drying depends on its water content. After that sorted again in the category of light, medium light, medium, medium-dark, dark, or very dark. Then they are sorted and labeled in accordance with the quality or grade. 

When Gayo coffee to enjoy this the next process is baked or "jelly" in the Gayo language. Furthermore, roasted coffee beans is mashed into a flour or powder and ready for use as a beverage. Bar of the coffee plant will only produce about one to three pounds of seed (oros) Gayo coffee in a year so the plants should be treated well.

Coffee from the Gayo highlands, became the most expensive coffee Arabica kind in the world in 2011, defeating the world's largest producer, Brazil. It was revealed in the coffee world exhibition held organization Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) in Portland, Oregon Convention Center, United States. 

The grand event was followed by coffee and ikutannya manufacturers from around the world, especially from tropical regions, such as Latin America, Africa and the Asian continent. The cooperative management of the coffee fields of Central Aceh and Bener Meriah coffee enliven the exhibition for four days, 19 to 22 April 2012. 

Chairman of the Pacific Asia Fair Trade Forum, Mustawalad the following exhibitions in Oregon to the Porch coffee on Tuesday (8/5) at Takengon said prices Gayo coffee is the most expensive in the United States, so the position of the market fell from four in 2010 to five in 2011. 

"Although ranking Gayo coffee down in the United States market, but the number sold increased by 11 percent," he explained. He mentions, Brazilian or Colombian coffee from Latin America almost half the price of Gayo coffee. Latin American coffee priced at 3.5 to 4 dollars / kg, or about Rp 32,000 to Rp 37,000 / kg. 

Gayo Arabica coffee while 7.2 to 8 dollars / kg, or about Rp 67,000 to Rp 74,000 / kg. He added, Gayo coffee has a distinctive taste compared to other countries, so the price is more expensive. "Gayo coffee is a special coffee (specialty) with cupping test scores in the top 80," he explained. 

In addition, a number of Gayo coffee producers also got a new contract from American buyers obtained during a show in Oregon. "Cooperative from Central Aceh and Bener Meriah who participated in the exhibition, each carrying five samples of Fair Trade and Organic certified," said Mustawalad. 

SCAA exhibition that aims to maintain relationships with buyers in the United States, as the largest Gayo coffee lovers in addition to getting a new buyer as well as the development of the coffee world, such as the processing engine to gasket. "In the exhibition, there are about 350 booths with eksebitor number (of participants) exhibits many as 775 participants from various coffee-producing countries," added Mustawalad. (C35)

Takengon which is one of the world's best coffee producer and exporter of Indonesia's largest coffee abroad proved to have its own history. Gayo Land is a pretty good place for a coffee plantation with an altitude of 1,000 to 1,300 meters above sea level. according to Dutch insyinyur that the best coffee is at an altitude of 1200 meters above sea level. Four places in Tanah Gayo Dutch plantations, among others Takengon district, and the central highlands.

As expressed by Mr. Tomo and Mr. Jafar as the former plantation worker, plantation workers brought the Dutch from Java in 1931 for diperkebunan employed, for the workers of the plantation area consists of hundreds of workers and having each function, there placed as foreman or supervisor or a supervisor plantation workers. 

As with Javanese culture, the beginning of each payday Dutch holding entertainment events like Ketoprak, puppets etc. as popular entertainment. Besides the earlier settlers of the plantation region existing indigenous tribe, namely (Gayo). When the Dutch introduced coffee plants to new Gayo Gayo society was at that time aware of any marketed Coffee Gayo however difficult because the trade is still dominated by the Dutch.

Gayo Highlands community at that time was the time before the arrival of the Dutch farming community just Gayo bersawah and other farming. Dutch start investments introduce Plant Coffee, Tea, avocado, pine and Eggplant Agur. When the avocado is a special luxury food Dutch people, but dogs that have proven popular avocado avocado seed grows everywhere so it can not be controlled by the Dutch again. Eggplant Agur which some people call a typical food Gayo (Gayo Cecah). Dutch do not just coffee plants iventasinya wrote but there are also plants that are planted by the Dutch pine and nursery done in Lampahan, Bener Meriah districts are then planted diseputaran Lake Laut Tawar and partly Large districts in the region Linge, Linge, a plateau 1400 meters above sea level, so it is not suitable for coffee but in Linge Pinus Pine sap turns produces the best in the world.

Coffee ingestion on average is about a third of that of tap water in North America and Europe. Worldwide, 6.7 million metric tons of coffee were produced annually in 1998–2000, and the forecast is a rise to seven million metric tons annually by 2010.

Brazil remains the largest coffee exporting nation, but Vietnam tripled its exports between 1995 and 1999 and became a major producer of robusta seeds. Indonesia is the third-largest coffee exporter overall and the largest producer of washed arabica coffee. Organic Honduran coffee is a rapidly growing emerging commodity owing to the Honduran climate and rich soil.

In 2013 The Seattle Times reported that global coffee prices have dropped more than 50 percent year-over-year. In ThailandBlack Ivory coffee beans are fed to elephants, whose digestive enzymes remove much of the beans bitter taste. After being collected from their dung, these beans can sell for as much as $1,100 a kilogram making it the most expensive blend in the world. Another blend, Kopi Luwak is made through a similar process after being digested by the Asian Palm Civet; but it is sold for somewhat less at 100-$600 a pound.

Coffee is bought and sold by roasters, investors, and price speculators as a tradable commodity in commodity markets and exchange-traded funds. Coffee futures contractsfor Grade 3 washed arabicas are traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange under ticker symbol KC, with contract deliveries occurring every year in March, May, July, September, and December. Coffee is an example of a product that has been susceptible to significant commodity futures price variations.

Higher and lower grade arabica coffees are sold through other channels. Futures contracts for robusta coffee are traded on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange and, since 2007, on the New York IntercontinentalExchange. Coffee has been described by many, including historian Mark Pendergrast, as the world's "second most legally traded commodity." However, this claim has been recently refuted by Pendergrast among others after further research.

The traditional method of planting coffee is to place 20 seeds in each hole at the beginning of the rainy season. This method loses about 50% of the seeds' potential, as about half fail to sprout. A more effective method of growing coffee, used in Brazil, is to raise seedlings in nurseries that are then planted outside at six to twelve months. Coffee is oftenintercropped with food crops, such as corn, beans, or rice during the first few years of cultivation as farmers become familiar with its requirements.

Of the two main species grown, arabica coffee (from C. arabica) is generally more highly regarded than robusta coffee (from C. canephora); robusta tends to be bitter and have less flavor but better body than arabica. For these reasons, about three-quarters of coffee cultivated worldwide is C. arabica. Robusta strains also contain about 40–50% more caffeine than arabica. For this reason, it is used as an inexpensive substitute for arabica in many commercial coffee blends. Good quality robusta seeds are used in traditional Italian espresso blends to provide a full-bodied taste and a better foam head (known as crema).

However, Coffea canephora is less susceptible to disease than C. arabica and can be cultivated in lower altitudes and warmer climates where C. arabica will not thrive. The robusta strain was first collected in 1890 from the Lomani River, a tributary of the Congo River, and was conveyed from Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) to Brussels to Java around 1900. From Java, further breeding resulted in the establishment of robusta plantations in many countries. In particular, the spread of the devastating coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix), to which C. arabica is vulnerable, hastened the uptake of the resistant robusta. Coffee leaf rust is found in virtually all countries that produce coffee.

Over 900 species of insect have been recorded as pests of coffee crops worldwide. Of these, over a third are beetles, and over a quarter are bugs. Some 20 species of nematodes, 9 species of mites, several snails and slugs also attack the crop. Birds and rodents sometimes eat coffee berries but their impact is minor compared to invertebrates. In general, arabicais the more sensitive species to invertebrate predation overall. Each part of the coffee plant is assailed by different animals. Nematodes attack the roots, and borer beetles burrow into stems and woody material, the foliage is attacked by over 100 species of larvae (caterpillars) of butterflies and moths.

Mass spraying of insecticides has often proven disastrous, as the predators of the pests are more sensitive than the pests themselves. Instead, integrated pest management has developed, using techniques such as targeted treatment of pest outbreaks, and managing crop environment away from conditions favouring pests. Branches infested with scale are often cut and left on the ground, which promotes scale parasites to not only attack the scale on the fallen branches but in the plant as well.

World production

According to legend, ancestors of today's Oromo people were believed to have been the first to recognize the energizing effect of the coffee plant, though no direct evidence has been found indicating where in Africa coffee grew or who among the native populations might have used it as a stimulant or even known about it, earlier than the 17th century.

The story of Kaldi, the 9th-century Ethiopian goatherder who discovered coffee when noticed how excited his goats became after eating the beans from a coffee plant, did not appear in writing until 1671 and is probably apocryphal. The original domesticated coffee plant is said to have been from Harar in Ethiopia.

Other accounts attribute the discovery of coffee to Sheikh Omar. According to the ancient chronicle (preserved in the Abd-Al-Kadir manuscript), Omar, who was known for his ability to cure the sick through prayer, was once exiled from Mocha, Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab. Starving, Omar chewed berries from nearby shrubbery, but found them to be bitter. He tried roasting the seeds to improve the flavor, but they became hard. He then tried boiling them to soften the seed, which resulted in a fragrant brown liquid. Upon drinking the liquid Omar was revitalized and sustained for days. As stories of this "miracle drug" reached Mocha, Omar was asked to return and was made a saint. From Ethiopia, the coffee plant was introduced into the Arab World through Egypt and Yemen.

The earliest credible evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in the Sufi Muslim monasteries around Mocha in Yemen.

It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed, in a similar way to how it is now prepared. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey, and northern Africa. Coffee seeds were first exported from Ethiopia to Yemen. Yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. The first coffee smuggled out of the Middle East was by Sufi Baba Budan from Yemen to India in 1670. Before then, all exported coffee was boiled or otherwise sterilised. Portraits of Baba Budan depict him as having smuggled seven coffee seeds by strapping them to his chest. The first plants grown from these smuggled seeds were planted in Mysore. Coffee then spread to Italy, and to the rest of Europe, to Indonesia, and to the Americas.

In 1583, Leonhard Rauwolf, a German physician, gave this description of coffee after returning from a ten-year trip to the Near East:

From the Middle East, coffee spread to Italy. The thriving trade between Venice and North Africa, Egypt, and the Middle East brought many goods, including coffee, to the Venetian port. From Venice, it was introduced to the rest of Europe. Coffee became more widely accepted after it was deemed a Christian beverage by Pope Clement VIII in 1600, despite appeals to ban the "Muslim drink." The first European coffee house opened in Rome in 1645.

The Dutch East India Company was the first to import coffee on a large scale. The Dutch later grew the crop in Java and Ceylon. The first exports of Indonesian coffee from Java to the Netherlands occurred in 1711.

Through the efforts of the British East India Company, coffee became popular in England as well. Oxford's Queen's Lane Coffee House, established in 1654, is still in existence today. Coffee was introduced in France in 1657, and in Austria and Poland after the 1683 Battle of Vienna, when coffee was captured from supplies of the defeated Turks.

When coffee reached North America during the Colonial period, it was initially not as successful as it had been in Europe as alcoholic beverages remained more popular. During the Revolutionary War, the demand for coffee increased so much that dealers had to hoard their scarce supplies and raise prices dramatically; this was also due to the reduced availability of tea from British merchants, and a general resolution among many Americans to avoid drinking tea following the 1773 Boston Tea Party.

After the War of 1812, during which Britain temporarily cut off access to tea imports, the Americans' taste for coffee grew. Coffee consumption declined in England, giving way to tea during the 18th century. The latter beverage was simpler to make, and had become cheaper with the British conquest of India and the tea industry there. During the Age of Sail, seamen aboard ships of the British Royal Navy made substitute coffee by dissolving burnt bread in hot water.

The Frenchman Gabriel de Clieu took a coffee plant to the French territory of Martinique in the Caribbean, from which much of the world's cultivated arabica coffee is descended. Coffee thrived in the climate and was conveyed across the Americas. The territory of Santo Domingo (now the Dominican Republic) saw coffee cultivated from 1734, and by 1788 it supplied half the world's coffee. The conditions that the slaves worked in on coffee plantations were a factor in the soon to follow Haitian Revolution. The coffee industry never fully recovered there. It made a brief come-back in 1949 when Haiti was the world's 3rd largest coffee exporter, but fell quickly into rapid decline.

Meanwhile, coffee had been introduced to Brazil in 1727, although its cultivation did not gather momentum until independence in 1822. After this time, massive tracts of rainforest were cleared first from the vicinity of Rio and later São Paulo for coffee plantations. Cultivation was taken up by many countries in Central America in the latter half of the 19th century, and almost all involved the large-scale displacement and exploitation of the indigenous people. Harsh conditions led to many uprisings, coups and bloody suppression of peasants. The notable exception was Costa Rica, where lack of ready labor prevented the formation of large farms. Smaller farms and more egalitarian conditions ameliorated unrest over the 19th and 20th centuries.

Coffee has become a vital cash crop for many developing countries. Over one hundred million people in developing countries have become dependent on coffee as their primary source of income. It has become the primary export and backbone for African countries like Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, as well as many Central American countries.