Gayo coffee coffee plantations plucked from the central highlands, Aceh province, at an altitude of 1250-1550 m above sea level. Society Gayo coffee classic call by the term "Que". 

Gayo coffee is superior in aroma and flavor. Arabica coffee species is grown organically without the use of fertilizers and seeds are known as green because it is environmentally friendly. Coffee is empowered by the people of Aceh in three areas namely: Central Aceh, Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues, with a total plantation area of ​​94,500 hectares. 

Gayo coffee bean shape is flat with the center line located in the middle. The weakness of coffee is susceptible to frost (emun), pests and diseases, so the beans (coffee beans) is more difficult to be protected until the time of harvest. In addition, the seeds were mature at different times, so it must be selected at any given time. Gayo coffee itself contains caffeine caffeine lower the number by 0.8 to 1.4 percent. 

ways of making 

Gayo coffee development process begins with the first flowers are white berwarwa and then produce "cherry" red ripe containing two seeds (logs). Red fruit with two seeds are then plucked. This process is commonly called "quote Kupi". Once the fruit is picked and then processed into grain milling process. The grain must be fermented overnight. Then the grain is washed thoroughly and dried in the sun to dry in the sun above. 

After the grain was peeled using grains exfoliants engine. Once peeled, the seeds are called "oros" is sun dried. The duration of drying depends on its water content. After that sorted again in the category of light, medium light, medium, medium-dark, dark, or very dark. Then they are sorted and labeled in accordance with the quality or grade. 

When Gayo coffee to enjoy this the next process is baked or "jelly" in the Gayo language. Furthermore, roasted coffee beans is mashed into a flour or powder and ready for use as a beverage. Bar of the coffee plant will only produce about one to three pounds of seed (oros) Gayo coffee in a year so the plants should be treated well.

Coffee from the Gayo highlands, became the most expensive coffee Arabica kind in the world in 2011, defeating the world's largest producer, Brazil. It was revealed in the coffee world exhibition held organization Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) in Portland, Oregon Convention Center, United States. 

The grand event was followed by coffee and ikutannya manufacturers from around the world, especially from tropical regions, such as Latin America, Africa and the Asian continent. The cooperative management of the coffee fields of Central Aceh and Bener Meriah coffee enliven the exhibition for four days, 19 to 22 April 2012. 

Chairman of the Pacific Asia Fair Trade Forum, Mustawalad the following exhibitions in Oregon to the Porch coffee on Tuesday (8/5) at Takengon said prices Gayo coffee is the most expensive in the United States, so the position of the market fell from four in 2010 to five in 2011. 

"Although ranking Gayo coffee down in the United States market, but the number sold increased by 11 percent," he explained. He mentions, Brazilian or Colombian coffee from Latin America almost half the price of Gayo coffee. Latin American coffee priced at 3.5 to 4 dollars / kg, or about Rp 32,000 to Rp 37,000 / kg. 

Gayo Arabica coffee while 7.2 to 8 dollars / kg, or about Rp 67,000 to Rp 74,000 / kg. He added, Gayo coffee has a distinctive taste compared to other countries, so the price is more expensive. "Gayo coffee is a special coffee (specialty) with cupping test scores in the top 80," he explained. 

In addition, a number of Gayo coffee producers also got a new contract from American buyers obtained during a show in Oregon. "Cooperative from Central Aceh and Bener Meriah who participated in the exhibition, each carrying five samples of Fair Trade and Organic certified," said Mustawalad. 

SCAA exhibition that aims to maintain relationships with buyers in the United States, as the largest Gayo coffee lovers in addition to getting a new buyer as well as the development of the coffee world, such as the processing engine to gasket. "In the exhibition, there are about 350 booths with eksebitor number (of participants) exhibits many as 775 participants from various coffee-producing countries," added Mustawalad. (C35)

In Aceh there are two types of coffee that is cultivated Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee. Two types of Aceh Gayo coffee is very famous Gayo coffee (Arabica) and Ulee Kareeng coffee (Robusta). For Arabica coffee types are generally cultivated in the highlands region "Gayo Land", Southeast Aceh and Gayo Lues, whereas in Pidie district (especially Tangse region and Geumpang) and more dominant West Aceh developed by the people here in the form of Robusta coffee. 

Arabica coffee is rather large and dark green, oval leaves, trees reaching seven meters high. But in coffee plantations, tree height is kept to a range of 2-3 meters. The goal is that easy when harvested. Arabica coffee trees begin producing fruit within its first three years. Normally branches grow from the stem with a length of about 15 cm. Younger leaves above color because sunlight while darker underneath. Each bar accommodates 10-15 small flowers that would be the coffee fruit. From this process emerged later called the coffee cherry fruit, oval-shaped, two pieces side by side. 

Coffee Gayo is one commodity that comes from the Gayo Highlands. Coffee plantations have been developed since 1908 it thrives in the central highlands and Central Aceh. Both areas are located at an altitude of 1200 m from the sea level have the largest coffee plantation in Indonesia, with an area of ​​about 81,000 ha. Each 42,000 ha located in the central highlands and the remaining 39,000 ha in Central Aceh district. 

Gayo is a tribal name that inhabit this area. The majority of people living as Gayo Coffee Growers. Arabica coffee varieties dominate the type developed by Gayo coffee farmers. Arabica coffee production resulting from the Gayo Land is the largest in Asia 

Gayo coffee is one typical of the archipelago from Aceh coffee is pretty much favored by various groups in the world. Gayo coffee aroma and flavor that is very distinctive. Most existing coffee, bitter taste still left in our tongue, but not so in the Gayo coffee. Hardly felt the bitter taste of the coffee. Gayo coffee flavor found in the original fragrant aroma and savory taste almost bitter. Even some who argue that the taste of the coffee exceeds taste Gayo Blue Mountain coffee from Jamaica. Aceh Gayo Gayo coffee from plantations in the central highlands people, Central Aceh. In the area of coffee grown in an organic way without chemicals so coffee is also known as green coffee (environmentally friendly). Gayo coffee is touted as the best organic coffee in the world.

This section needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources

In a healthy liver, caffeine is mostly broken down by the hepatic microsomal enzymatic system. The excreted metabolites are mostlyparaxanthines—theobromine and theophylline—and a small amount of unchanged caffeine. Therefore, the metabolism of caffeine depends on the state of this enzymatic system of the liver. The primary psychoactive chemical in coffee is caffeine, an adenosine antagonist that is known for its stimulant effects. Coffee also contains the monoamine oxidase inhibitors β-carboline and harmane, which may contribute to its psychoactivity.

Extensive scientific research has been conducted to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and an array of medical conditions. The general consensus in the medical community is that moderate regular coffee drinking in healthy individuals is either essentially benign or mildly beneficial. In 2012, the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study analysed the relationship between coffee drinking and mortality. They found that the amount of coffee consumed correlated negatively with risk of death, and that those who drank any coffee lived longer than those who did not. However the authors noted, "whether this was a causal or associational finding cannot be determined from our data." A similar study with similar results was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2012. Researchers involved in an ongoing 22-year study by the Harvard School of Public Health stated that "Coffee may have potential health benefits, but more research needs to be done."

Findings have also been contradictory as to whether coffee has any specific health benefits, and results are similarly conflicting regarding the potentially harmful effects of coffee consumption. Furthermore, results and generalizations are complicated by differences in age, gender, health status, and serving size.

According to Cancer Research UK, the results of a large-scale study published in 2012 provided insight into the effect of coffee drinking on cancer, highlighting that there was indeed no association between the two. Study results showed that drinking coffee "had no effect on the risk of dying from cancer."

Other studies suggest coffee consumption reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, gout and cancer of liver, skin, prostate, bowel, brain, gullet, colon, endometrium, breast, mouth andthroat.

The fact that decaffeinated coffee also exhibits preventative effects against diseases such as prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes suggests that coffee's health benefits are not solely a product of its caffeine content. Specifically, the antidiabetic effect of caffeine has been attributed to caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. The presence of antioxidants in coffee have been shown to prevent free radicals from causing cell damage, which could lead to cancer. Antioxidant levels vary depending on how the beans are roasted as well as for how long. Evidence suggests that roasted coffee has a stronger antioxidant effect than green coffee.

Coffee is no longer thought to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. A 2012 meta-analysis concluded that people who drank moderate amounts of coffee had a lower rate of heart failure, with the biggest effect found for those who drank more than four cups a day. Moreover, habitual coffee consumption is associated with improved vascular function. In a ten year study among 50,739 US women (mean age, 63 years) free of depressive symptoms at baseline (in 1996), coffee consumption was negatively correlated with risk of developing clinical depression. A review published in 2004 indicated a negative correlation between suicide rates and coffee consumption. It was suggested that the action of caffeine in blocking the inhibitory effects of adenosine on dopamine nerves in the brain reduced feelings of depression. Coffee consumption is also associated with improved endothelial function. Coffee extracts have been shown to inhibit 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, an enzyme which converts cortisone to cortisol and is a current pharmaceutical target for the treatment of diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome.

Excessive amounts of coffee can cause very unpleasant and even life-threatening adverse effects. Coffee's adverse effects are more common when taken in excess. Many of coffee's health risks are due to its caffeine content and can therefore be avoided by drinking decaffeinated coffee.

Oily components called diterpenes are present in unfiltered coffee and coffee brewed using metal filters, but not in coffee brewed using paper filters; diterpenes may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.^[4]

Although some chemicals in coffee are carcinogens in rodents at very high doses, research suggests that they are not dangerous at the levels consumed by humans. Instant coffee has a much greater amount of acrylamide than brewed coffee. Research suggests that drinking caffeinated coffee can cause a temporary stiffening of arterial walls. Coffee may aggravate pre-existing conditions such as migraines, arrhythmias, and cause sleep disturbances. It was once thought that coffee aggravatesgastroesophageal reflux disease but recent research suggests no link.

Coffee consumption has been found to transiently increase the risk of ischemic stroke onset, particularly among infrequent drinkers.

Caffeine can cause anxiety, especially in high doses and in those with pre-existing anxiety disorders.

Some research suggests that a minority of moderate regular caffeine consumers experience some amount of clinical depression, anxiety, low vigor, or fatigue when discontinuing their caffeine use. However, the methodology of the these studies has been criticized. Withdrawal effects are more common and better documented in heavy caffeine users.

About 15% of the U.S. general population reports having stopped drinking coffee altogether, citing concerns about their health and the unpleasant side effects of caffeine.

A 2013 study by Liu et al. published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings established a correlation between coffee consumption >28 cups per week (>4 cups per day) and an increase in all-cause mortality in the total population of men and in men and women younger than 55 years. This correlation was not statistically significant for people aged 55 years and older. The authors noted that certain limitations exist in the study, such as a lack of data on different coffee preparations that can vary the overall composition of coffee's constituent compounds (e.g., cafestol, kahweol), which could impact CVD risk factors; a lack of data on marital status and total energy consumption; and possible residual confounding from health-risk factors such as smoking. One of the study's co-authors stated, "We're not saying that coffee is the cause of death; we just noticed coffee is associated with increased risk of death," which addresses the distinction between correlation and causation.

Caffeine alleviates headaches acutely and is used medically for this purpose, generally in combination with a painkiller such as ibuprofen. However, chronic caffeine use and withdrawal can cause headaches. Research has consistently linked caffeine withdrawal to headaches, even in those who drink coffee in moderation. Additionally, studies have suggested that those that drink four or more cups of coffee a day experience headaches more often than controls, even without discontinuing their coffee consumption.

Caffeine withdrawal causes consistent withdrawal effects.

The caffeine content of a cup of coffee varies depending mainly on the brewing method, and also on the variety of seed.^[172]

According to an article in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, coffee has the following caffeine content, depending on how it is prepared:

While the percent of caffeine content in coffee seeds themselves diminishes with increased roast level, the opposite is true for coffee brewed from different grinds and brewing methods using the same proportion of coffee to water volume. The coffee sack (similar to the French press and other steeping methods) extracts more caffeine from dark roasted seeds; the percolator and espresso methods extract more caffeine from light roasted seeds.

Several species of shrub of the genus Coffea produce the berries from which coffee is extracted. The two main species commercially cultivated are Coffea canephora (predominantly a form known as 'robusta') and C. arabica. C. arabica, the most highly regarded species, is native to the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma Plateau in southeastern Sudan and possibly Mount Marsabit in northern Kenya. C. canephora is native to western and central Subsaharan Africa, from Guinea to the Uganda and southern Sudan. Less popular species are C. liberica, C. stenophylla, C. mauritiana, and C. racemosa.

All coffee plants are classified in the large family Rubiaceae. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees that may grow 5 m (15 ft) tall when unpruned. The leaves are dark green and glossy, usually 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long and 6 cm (2.4 in) wide, simple, entire, and opposite. Petioles of opposite leaves fuse at base to form interpetiolar stipules, characteristic of Rubiaceae. The flowers are axillary, and clusters of fragrant white flowers bloom simultaneously. Gynoecium consists of inferior ovary, also characteristic of Rubiaceae. Flowers followed by oval berries of about 1.5 cm (0.6 in). Green when immature, they ripen to yellow, then crimson, before turning black on drying. Each berry usually contains two seeds, but 5–10% of the berries have only one; these are called peaberries. Arabica berries ripen in six to eight months, while robusta take nine to eleven months.

Coffea arabica is predominantly self-pollinating, and as a result the seedlings are generally uniform and vary little from their parents. In contrast, Coffea canephora, and C. liberica are self-incompatible and require outcrossing. This means that useful forms and hybrids must be propagated vegetatively. Cuttings, grafting, and budding are the usual methods of vegetative propagation. On the other hand, there is great scope for experimentation in search of potential new strains.